MANIFESTATIONS OF DISEASES OF THE ORAL MUCOSA OF PATIENTS IN THE ADJARA REGION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.

The aim of this study was to describe manifestations of diseases of the oral mucosa of patients in the Adjara region during the COVID-19 pandemic. We recruited 55 patients, 25 women (45.5%) and 30 men (54.5%), aged between 18 and 89 years with confirmed COVID-19 at different stages of severity. After obtaining informed consent, we examined their mouths and recorded clinical findings. Forty percent of the patients had at least 1 oral lesion. The most common lesions were candidiasis and ulcers (7 patients each); 2 patients had enanthems. Geographic tongue and caviar tongue were also observed. Altered taste, dry mouth, and painful/burning mouth were noted in 60%, 27.3%, and 36.4% of patients, respectively. Oral mucosal alterations and lesions were prevalent in this series of COVID-19 patients. An altered taste and a painful/burning mouth were common symptoms. For the first time, we performed a description of the oral cavity of patients diagnosed with COVID 19 in the Adjara region. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The variable "age" was compared using the Student's t-test and P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS FOR MAJOR DENTAL DISEASES IN THE STUDENT POPULATION.

Nowadays, the reduction of widespread dental diseases (caries and periodontitis) is still crucial and appears to be both a medical and social concern. The aim of this study was an investigation of dental health status, determination of leading risk factors, and determination of preventive measures among the students of the Adjara region. Clinical studies were conducted on 392 students aged 18-25 years. The methodology provided by WHO was used to determine the epidemiological data on the prevalence of dental caries. The BOP (Bleeding on probing) method was used to determine the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Oral hygiene status was assessed by OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index). A survey of students was conducted to determine the impact of various factors. In the study group, caries prevalence equaled 97.04%, the intensity was 5.68±0.21, gingivitis prevalence was 75.4%, and oral hygiene condition was 1.9±0.06. Hygienic condition is correlated with caries and periodontal diseases (p<0.05). A statistically reliable relationship was revealed with hygiene knowledge, nutritional factors, etc. It is necessary to improve treatment and prevention measures among students and adolescents in the region through the implementation of social programs and sanitary educational measures.

[EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENTAL CARIES, DENTAL STATUS AND CORRECTION PROSPECTS IN SCHOOL CHILDREN OF ADJARA REGION KOBULETI AND KHELVACHAURI MUNICIPALITIES].

The epidemiological research was conducted among school children of 6-7, 12, 15 ages (According to the WHO nomenclature) in the municipalities of Kobuleti and Khelvachauri of Ajara region in order to study the spread of major dental diseases and determine further prophylactic measures. The research involved 246 children, of whom 129 were residents of Kobuleti and 117 residents of Khelvachauri. Studies have shown that in all age groups the level of caries distribution is high; the median intensity index is also high in all age groups compared to the median indexes established for residents of Georgia. A particularly difficult situation was observed when reviewing the components of the DMFT structure. The number of teeth damaged by caries was prevailing in all age groups and the number of filled teeth was insignificant. The study of the hygiene skills of the research target group revealed a low sanitary culture. Consequently, in order to improve the dental status in the target group of the research, the following was determined: 1. Need to increase the scope and quality of dental care; 2. Necessity of implementing sanitary-educational works for increasing sanitary culture and the motivation of oral hygiene.

[Surgical treatment of rare combination of intestinal malrotation with secondary lymphangiectasia].

The rare combination of intestinal lymphangiectasia with malrotation of the duodenum in a child of three months of life is described. Basing on the literature review only 3 similar cases were described in the world practice. The boy with protein-losing enteropathy was examined at Moscow Scientific Centre of Children's Health. The child had vomiting, diarrhea, loss in body weight, hypoproteinemia, lymphopenia. The infectious nature of the disease was excluded. It had been suggested the Waldman desease (primary intestinal lymphangiectasia). The prognosis for such disease is unfavorable. An examination of the child was continued against the backdrop of ongoing symptomatic therapy. Complete physical examination included monitoring laboratory blood tests, X-ray examination with contrast, CT-scan, gastroduodenoscopy with biopsy of the mucosa of the small intestine. Malrotation duodenum with the recurrent mid-gut volvulus with the development of secondary intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed. Modern methods of examination and multidisciplinary approach made it possible to diagnose the case. Operation to eliminate fixation duodenum resulted in the recovery of the patient. At the present time the child grows and develops according to age and does not require treatment. The prognosis for this disease is regarded as favorable.

Micro-social risk factors and genetic predisposition to micro-social risk factors and genetic predisposition to digestive diseases among adolescents living in georgia.

The purpose of the study was to analyse the genetic predisposition to digestive diseases, micro-social stressors and other risk factors among adolescents and compare them to each other by strength of association with Chronic Digestive Diseases (CDD). One phase epidemiological research was conducted in population of adolescents aged 14-21 years, living in Georgia. The representative contigent - 430 adolescents were selected by the method of simple randomization. The two groups were separated from the research contingent: 84 adolescents with the CDD (the experimental group) and 346 condtionally healthy adolescents (the control group). The degree of relationship between the defined risk factor and CDD among adolescents was studied through case-control study method. Statistical processing of the obtained data was provided through SPSS v.11,5. The risk factors ranking was held according to decrease of OR values. Analysis of micro-social and hereditary risk factors showed that the associations between CDD and the combination of chronic psychological overloads, calculated together, is stronger (OR=15,3 (95% CI: 9,06-37,8)), than with genetic predisposition to digestive diseases (OR=11,5). From chronic psychological overloads, the most strong relationship with CDD have adolescents study overloads (OR=7,1) and conflict situations at the family (OR=6,0), as well as adolescents bad habits (OR=5,14) and unsatisfactory living conditions (OR=3,74). The listed above OR indicies may be used for planning preventive measures, needed for decrease CDD prevalence among adolescents.

[Using Camelyn in stomatology, results and vistas].

In article are presented results of clinical study treatment of inflammatory diseases of parodentium, (gingivitis and periodontitis) with medicine Camelyn. Camelyn is local product which was (received) produced from the special sort of honey and contains biological high active products. Camelyn possesses with immunostimulation, anti- inflammatory action, activates regeneration process, has analgesic effect. 56 patients with various forms of disease, with gingivitis 25 patient, with parodontitis 31 were under clinical observation. Estimation of anti-inflammatory action of Camelyn was based on dynamics of parameters of PMA index. Index was defined before beginning of research as well at the end of observation. Had been concluded: (in case of gingivitis and periodontitis) It is more functional to use topical-application of Camelyn. 5% ointment was used independently - separately as well in combine with other medicine. Observation has shown reduction of PMA indexes parameter in average on 1,43-time, and reduction of treatment's term on 1-2 days in comparison with control group. The received results have confirmed clinical appropriateness to use Camelyn for gingivitis, parodontitis and periodontitis in combined treatment.

[Statistical analysis of stationary treatment of traumatic damages of maxilla-facial area in free and paid medical care conditions].

The stationary treatment of traumatic damages of maxilla-facial area in free and paid medical treatment is analyzed. The archive data of case histories of 1208 patients with the traumatic damages of maxilla-facial area in 1977-1991 and in 1992-2006 years were analyzed. Comparative characteristics of the main statistical indicators of treatment in conditions of paid and free medical care is given. Deterioration of all main indicators was observed during paid medical care (from 1992 to 2006 years) in the background of decline of conditions of lives. Since 1991 the increase of civilian trauma (domestic trauma) and decrease of sporting accidents and industrial injuries has been mentioned. The rates of urgent hospitalization decreased and late hospitalization increased significantly.

[Immunological aspects of aphthous stomatitis].

The purpose of the present work was to study the role of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with aphthous stomatitis. The research was conducted at Tbilisi Hospital for War Veterans. Immunologic parameters of 61 patients aged from 15 to 60 years old were analyzed. The statistical data processing included calculation of average arithmetic values and their standard deviations. Parameters of the immune status of the patients during exacerbation and under treatment were investigated. It was revealed that during exacerbation of stomatitis the quantity of CD3, CD4, cytophagous activity, and NK were diminished. Indices of CD8, CD72, and IgA, were within the norm. Indices of IgM, IgG, IgE, parameter of IL-6, antimicrobial and antitoxic antibody titer were increased. After treatment increase and approach to standard CD3, CD4, NK, and parameters of phagocytosis. IgG, IgM and antitoxic antibody titer decrease and approach to standard. During exacerbation of recurrent aphthous stomatitis the immune status of the human decrease, this is restored after treatment.

[Molecular mechanisms of regulation uterine contractile activity during pregnancy and labor in mammals].

Main purpose of the investigation was to study basic mechanisms of regulation uterine contractile activity on various stages of gestation, labor and to determine nature of substances activating, inhibiting and modulating myometrium contractility. The study was carried out on 115 pregnant and not pregnant women, and women in labor, and on 45 newborns. The experiments analyzed hypothalamus and uterus of 100 white rats and brain of 45 newborn rats. Dynamics of neuropeptides and catecholamine contents was investigated in maternal and fetal blood and tissues on various levels of gestation, labor and delivery. The level of neiropeptide in the blood was determined by the method of high pressure liquid chromatography. In the myometrium functional indexes of adrenal receptors (affinity and sensitivity) and especially isometric contractions under influence of investigated substances were examined. Interaction of the neuropeptide with catecholamine was analyzed by means of radioligand binding. It was established that along with steroid hormones, monoamines and prostaglandins, neiropeptide systems play important part in contractile mechanisms during gestation, labor and adaptation of fetus to the out-of-uterine life, particularly influencing the functions of organs-effectors, as well as modulating biochemical processes in the cells. Based on the results of our investigation and existing literary data we have suggested protocols of neuroendocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation of cell biochemical processes during gestation, labor and delivery.

[Treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis with application of a preparation of a hesperidin 5.0%].

Open randomized 2-year trial has been performed to analyze effectiveness of Unguentum of a hesperidin developed by us for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. 80 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in the age from 15 till 60 years from the contingent of the polyclinic of the veterans of Tbilisi were studied. After inclusion of the preparation into the treatment the pain and duration of inflammatory process have been decreased; the complications were not observed. In the group of patients getting treatment with hesperidin, frequency of unsatisfactory outcomes decreased significantly (chi(2)=9,8, p < 0,05). Reduction of relative risk of unsatisfactory outcomes was about 0,8 (95% CI: 0,29-0,86), reduction of absolute risk - 0,33 (95% CI: 0,13-0,52). It may be concluded that application of a preparation may be considered as one of the options for the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

[Dependence of activities of polysaccharide hydrolases and oxidases from Cerrena unicolor on the source of carbon and aromatic acids in culture media]. / Zavisimost' aktivnosti polisakharidgidrolaz i oksidaz Cerrena unicolor ot istochnika ugleroda i aromaticheskikh soedinenii v srede.

The activities of carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase in the higher basidial fungus Cerrena unicolor grown in avicel-containing medium reached 1.95 and 1.50 units per mg protein, respectively, whereas in mannitol-containing medium they ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 units per mg protein. The activity of fungal beta-glucosidase depended on the carbon source in the culture medium and ranged from 2.1 units per mg protein in the presence of mannitol to 17.3 units per mg protein in the presence of avicel. In contrast to polysaccharides, easily metabolizable substrates (cellobiose, mannitol, and glucose) provided the highest rates of secretion of laccase (52.7-123.5 ncat per mg protein) and ligninase (22-106 units per mg protein). The addition of tangerine pomace, a substrate enriched with aromatic compounds, to the culture medium caused an increase in the rate of bio-synthesis of laccase and ligninase to 862 ncat per ml and 557 units per ml, respectively. Aromatic compounds such as p-xylidine and veratric aldehyde increased the laccase activity of C. unicolor IBB 62 from 7.9 to 23.6 and 18.3 ncat per mg protein, respectively. Veratryl alcohol caused a sevenfold increase in the activity of Mn-dependent peroxidase in the culture medium.

[Clinical study results with the vaginal contraceptive preparation, traceptin]. / Rezul'taty klinicheskogo izucheniia vaginal'nogo protivozachatochnogo preparata tratseptina.

PIP: This article presents the results of a clinical study which used traceptin vaginally for contraception. Traceptin is a safe and convenient application agent with a contraceptive effectiveness rate of 94%. (Authors' modified)^ieng